ArticleBrain and behavior2026
Is Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Capable of Detecting Different Motor Cell Clusters Within the Precentral Gyrus Using a Single Pulse Protocol?
Article in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIn 2021, Rossi et al. developed a cortical mapping algorithm that enabled a reliable mapping of an anatomical subdivision of the precentral gyrus. This approach allowed for the differentiation between an anterior subregion, characterized by lower excitability and slower motor responses, and a posterior subregion (named "M1 proper"), exhibiting higher excitability and faster motor responses. Based on these findings, we conducted a navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) study to investigate whether this anatomical subdivision can also be identified using a non-invasive mapping technique.
methodsFifteen healthy volunteers were examined. Using nTMS, the motor cortex at the hand knob area was subdivided into four distinct strips aligned parallel to the central sulcus: s, precentral non-proper, precentral proper, and postcentral. After determining the resting motor threshold (RMT), 10 stimulation points in each strip were stimulated with 150% RMT. Electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes and latencies were recorded and compared across the four stimulation strips to detect potential differences.
resultsAlthough descriptively higher mean EMG amplitudes were observed in the precentral proper strip, generalized linear mixed-effects modeling revealed no statistically significant differences in EMG amplitude between the precentral proper and non-proper regions, nor across any of the four stimulation strips.
conclusionsUsing the applied protocol, a clear delineation between a functionally separated ventral and dorsal subdivision of the precentral gyrus could not be observed. However, it is noteworthy that the application of relatively high stimulation intensity may have masked subtle differences. Further examinations at the lower end of the stimulation spectrum (e.g., 90% or 100% RMT) or a specific paired pulse protocol may allow for a more precise differentiation between these two anatomical areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.