ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2026
Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation improves postural stability under virtual reality perturbation by enhancing vestibular processing and multisensory integration.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNoisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that enhances vestibular inputs via stochastic resonance, thereby improving postural stability. However, it remains unknown whether nGVS can ameliorate virtual reality (VR)-induced visual-vestibular conflict, which arises from an incongruence between moving visual cues and the absence of corresponding vestibular motion signals during quiet standing. The underlying neural-muscular mechanisms through which nGVS may modulate such conflict warrant clarification. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nGVS on postural stability, muscle activation, and cortical activation in healthy individuals during upright stance under different visual conditions.
methodsThirty healthy young adults participated in this study. Six standing trials involving 3 visual conditions (eyes-open, eyes-closed, VR) and 2 vestibular stimulation conditions (nGVS and sham stimulation) were randomly allocated to each participant. nGVS was delivered via electrodes placed over bilateral mastoid processes. A synchronized multimodal assessment was conducted, using force plates to measure the center of pressure (COP), surface electromyography to record muscle activity, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor hemodynamic responses in the frontoparietal cortex.
resultsCompared to sham stimulation, nGVS significantly improved postural stability and hip muscle co-activation under VR perturbation, as evidenced by reduced COP-related parameters (ps < 0.05), decreased muscle activity in the bilateral rectus femoris (left: p = 0.003; right: p = 0.018), left biceps femoris (p = 0.020), and reduced co-contraction indices (left: p = 0.026; right: p = 0.027). In the VR condition, nGVS concurrently leaded to significantly lower dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation (left: p = 0.038; right: p = 0.047) and higher supramarginal gyrus activation (left: p = 0.048; right: p = 0.029).
conclusionsnGVS effectively mitigated VR-induced sensory conflict and enhanced postural stability. The underlying mechanism may involve the induction of stochastic resonance to optimize vestibular processing and multisensory integration, thereby reducing reliance on the hip strategy.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR# 2300078910); Date of registration: December 20th, 2023.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.