Observational studyCritical care (London, England)2026
Identification of a robust metabolic signature associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia and response to interferon-gamma treatment in critically ill patients.
Observational study in Critical care (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Viral Reactivation on Outcomes of Brain-injured Patients ( IBIS-VIRUS)
Human Recombinant Interferon Gamma-1b for the Prevention of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients: a Double-blind, International, Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial - the PREV-HAP Study
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reframing sepsis through resistance, disease tolerance and damage: a clinically meaningful conceptual shift?Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimOur objective was to increase our understanding of the effects of the time course of metabolic alterations on the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and response to treatment in critically ill patients.
methodsWe first studied the blood metabolome at day 1, day 3-4 and day 6-7 of patients from a prospective, observational cohort of brain-injured patients in two French centres. We classified the metabolic response by unsupervised longitudinal consensus clustering. To evaluate the robustness of metabolic patterns, a Fast-and-Frugal Tree trained on the discovery cohort was applied to a replication dataset from the PREV-HAP randomised clinical trial testing interferon gamma-1b for the prevention of HAP in critically ill patients. The primary outcome was the association of metabolic response patterns with HAP.
findingsOf the 128 patients analysed (330 samples), 57 (45%) had developed HAP and 21 (16%) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Based on metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism, we identified three metabolic response patterns associated with the risks of HAP (24%, 60% and 78% of HAP, respectively) and ARDS (6%, 16% and 43%, respectively). In a replication dataset (315 samples from 105 patients), we found similarities regarding blood metabolite temporal courses and associations with HAP (18%, 28% and 40% of HAP, respectively). Moreover, the probability of being discharged alive from the ICU with interferon gamma-1b was decreased in patients with low-risk metabolic response patterns and increased in patients with high-risk metabolic response patterns.
conclusionsLongitudinal clustering classified metabolic response patterns into low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups for HAP and can help identify responders and non-responders to interferon gamma-1b after a single treatment injection.
trial registrationNumber clinicaltrial.gov NCT02003196 and NCT04793568.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.