Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41820735›Full record

ArticleInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2026

Whole-genome sequencing and biosynthetic gene cluster analysis of Bacillus subtilis BAGL as a potent antifungal biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi.

Beenish Amjad, Sana Sultan, Asma Abro, Bushra Tabassum, Muhammad Ilyas, Nusrat Jahan, Samia Parveen, Anwar Khan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Genome analysis and exploration ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Beenish AmjadDepartment of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Iqbal Hall, Takatu Campus, Airport road, Quetta, Pakistan.
Sana SultanDepartment of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Iqbal Hall, Takatu Campus, Airport road, Quetta, Pakistan.
Asma AbroDepartment of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan.
Bushra TabassumSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad IlyasCenter of Omic Sciences, Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Nusrat JahanDepartment of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan.
Samia ParveenDepartment of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Iqbal Hall, Takatu Campus, Airport road, Quetta, Pakistan.
Anwar KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Iqbal Hall, Takatu Campus, Airport road, Quetta, Pakistan. anwar.khan1@buitms.edu.pk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1713-8295

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis BAGL, isolated from the rhizosphere, demonstrated significant antifungal activity against key phytopathogens, inhibiting R. solani by 73.7%, F. oxysporum by 55.15%, and (A) solani by 77%. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4,227,102 bp, GC content of 43.08%, and 4,494 predicted genes. The accession number (PRJNA1349010) for the whole genome was obtained from the NCBI GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed BAGL’s taxonomic position of BAGL within the B. subtilis clade. The genome harbored 17 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for producing secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, such as surfactin, fengycin, bacillibactin, and subtilosin (A) Additionally, BAGL carries a diverse set of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that may contribute to its biocontrol efficacy by disrupting fungal cell wall. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed BAGL’s involvement in multiple metabolic pathways, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis and carbon metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis highlighted numerous catalytic and binding activities crucial for metabolic and cellular processes. The presence of these genetic features suggests that B. subtilis BAGL is an effective candidate for developing eco-friendly disease management strategies in agricultural settings. Future investigations into the active compounds produced by BAGL and in vivo trials are essential to determine their efficacy in real-world settings.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsBacillus subtilisBiological Control AgentsMultigene FamilyPlant DiseasesAlternariaBiosynthetic PathwaysFusariumGenome, BacterialPeptides, CyclicPhylogenyRhizoctoniaWhole Genome SequencingAntifungal AgentsBiological Control AgentsPeptides, CyclicAntifungal activityBiosynthetic gene clustersGenomic AnnotationWhole-genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID41820735
PMCPMC13083322

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.