ArticleSports medicine - open2026
Assessing the Recovery of Muscle Fatigue Using Shear Wave Elastography.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Diagnostic Value of Gastrocnemius Shear Wave Elastography Combined With BMI in Different Stages of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sex Differences: A Cross-Sectional Study.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVariation in muscle stiffness, reflected by changes in shear modulus (G) measured via shear wave elastography (SWE), is linked to muscle fatigue and athletic performance. Although fatigue recovery varies across populations due to sex and training background, quantitative evidence remains limited. This study aimed to assess changes in passive muscle G during fatigue and recovery and to evaluate the applicability of SWE for monitoring muscle fatigue.
methodsThirty-five athletes and 16 non-athletes participated. Muscle fatigue was induced using unilateral eccentric dumbbell elbow flexion at 90% one-repetition maximum (three sets of 10 repetitions plus a final set to exhaustion). G was measured using SWE at baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 24 and 48 h. Linear mixed-effects models examined the effects of group and time on G, with arm dominance included as a controlled factor.
resultsA significant main effect of time on G was observed (P < 0.001), with no main effects of group or arm dominance and no significant interactions (all P > 0.05). At baseline, non-athlete females showed lower G than athletes in the dominant arm and lower G than male athletes in the non-dominant arm (P < 0.05, effect size [ES] = 1.05-1.39). Immediately, G increased in male athletes, non-athlete males, and non-athlete females (P < 0.05, ES = 0.43-1.34), with non-athlete males showing higher G in the dominant arm than non-athlete females (P < 0.05, ES = 0.95). At 24-hour follow-up, non-athlete females exhibited higher dominant-arm G and lower non-dominant-arm G than non-athlete males and male athletes (P < 0.05, ES = 1.16-1.57). By 48 h, G returned to baseline in male athletes and non-athlete males, while non-athlete females showed a significant decrease in dominant-arm G compared to 24 h measurement (P < 0.05, ES = 1.06). An inter-limb difference occurred only in non-athlete females at 24 h (P < 0.05, ES = 1.14).
conclusionsPassive muscle modulus G reflects muscle stiffness and can be non-invasively monitored using a portable SWE device. Our findings suggest that passive G is a valid indicator for tracking muscle fatigue and recovery across populations.
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