ArticleScientific reports2026
Statistical optimization for removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions using chitosan-assembled zinc oxide nanocomposite.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In this work, the removal of basic blue 41 (BB41) and basic red 46 (BR46) dyes from aqueous solutions was systematically studied using chitosan-assembled zinc oxide nanocomposite (CTS/ZnO) as an efficient adsorbent. The synthesized CTS/ZnO nanocomposite was characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), point of zero charge (pHpzc), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, confirming its crystalline porous-like surface structure with a rough and heterogeneous surface morphology and a pHpzc of 5.6. The effects of four critical parameters— CTS/ZnO dosage, solution pH, and initial concentration under ultrasonic irradiation —were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) within the framework of central composite design (CCD). Second-order polynomial models were established to predict the adsorption performance, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the high adequacy of the models (R² > 0.99). The optimum conditions were found at pH of 7, CTS/ZnO dosage of 0.18 g, initial concentration of 16 mg L⁻¹, and sonication time of 36 min. Under optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies reached 96.19% for BB41 and 91.87% for BR46. Regeneration studies revealed that the adsorbent maintained more than 60% of its original capacity after four adsorption–desorption cycles, highlighting its reusability and stability. Furthermore, real water tests demonstrated removal efficiencies between 88.01% and 82.38% for BB41 and BR46, confirming the practical applicability of CTS/ZnO nanocomposite for environmental remediation. Overall, the findings suggest that CTS/ZnO nanocomposite is a promising, low-cost, and recyclable adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of organic dyes from contaminated waters.
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