Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41819103›Full record

ArticleCell2026

Human-specific features of the cerebellum and ZP2-regulated synapse development.

Suel-Kee Kim, Adriana Cherskov, Aastha Sindhwani, Sang-Hun Choi, Hyojin Kim, Ming-Li Li, Menglei Zhang, Xoel Mato-Blanco, Yuting Liu, Nicola Micali and 37 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

47 authors.

Suel-Kee KimDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Adriana CherskovDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Aastha SindhwaniDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Sang-Hun ChoiDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Hyojin KimDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Ming-Li LiDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Menglei ZhangDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Xoel Mato-BlancoHospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Yuting LiuDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Nicola MicaliDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
David M YoungDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Mark EstacionDepartment of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Yueqi ZhangDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
José Manuel Ruiz-JiménezHospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Anandita NadkarniDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Victor LuriaDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Suvimal Kumar SindhuDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Ipsita ChatterjeeDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Akemi ShibataDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Dan LiangDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Hyesun ChoDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Saejeong ParkDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Ana SpajicDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Rothem KovnerDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Martina GlavanDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Rachel J ChenWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Ryan D RisgaardWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Xinyun LiDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Sirisha PochareddyDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Amir KargerIT-Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Anita HuttnerDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Yury M MorozovDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Etienne W DaadiSouthwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Departments of Cell Systems and Anatomy, and Radiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Carlo ColantuoniDepartments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Kevin T GobeskeDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
John J ElyMAEBIOS Epidemiology Unit, Alamogordo, NM 88310, USA; Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Patrick R HofNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Discovery and Innovation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA.
Marcel M DaadiSouthwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Departments of Cell Systems and Anatomy, and Radiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Chet C SherwoodDepartment of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Alvaro DuqueDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Shaojie MaDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
Andre M M SousaWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Stephen G WaxmanDepartment of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Pasko RakicDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Gabriel SantpereHospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Stephan J SandersDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA.
Nenad SestanDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Comparative Medicine, Genetics, and Psychiatry, Wu Tsai Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Electronic address: nenad.sestan@yale.edu.

Funding

A Multidisciplinary Center for Developing Human and Non-human Primate Brain Cell AtlasesUM1MH130991 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Hao Huang, ARNOLD KRIEGSTEIN · 2022 to 2026
$25.2M
Integrated Training For Physician-ScientistsT32GM140935 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Anna Huttenlocher, Jeniel E Nett · 2021 to 2026
$6.5M
Origin of Cortical Species-specific DistinctionsR37DA023999 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI PASKO RAKIC · 2020 to 2026
$5.6M
Yale Macaque Brain ResourceR01MH113257 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Alvaro Duque · 2017 to 2026
$4.3M
NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA023999NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM140935NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113257NIMH NIH HHS UM1 MH130991
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the unique features of the human brain compared with non-human primates has long intrigued humankind. The cerebellum refines motor coordination and cognitive functions, contributing to the evolutionary development of human adaptability and dexterity. To identify shared and divergent features across primates, we conducted single-nucleus transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiling of the adult cerebellar cortex in humans, chimpanzees, macaques, and marmosets. We revealed human-specific transcriptomic and regulatory features, particularly those involved in synaptogenesis. Notably, we identified enrichment of the sperm receptor zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 (ZP2) and its potential interactors, known for their roles in gamete interaction, in human granule cells (GCs). Experimental data show that ZP2 expression in human GCs is induced by pontine mossy fibers, reducing synaptic proteins at the pontocerebellar glomerular synapses and decreasing cerebellar neuron electrophysiological activity. This unexpected co-option of ZP2 in human-specific synapse regulation provides insights into the evolutionary specialization of the human cerebellum.

Indexed as

CerebellumSynapsesZona Pellucida GlycoproteinsAnimalsCallithrixHumansMaleNeurodevelopmentNeuronsPan troglodytesTranscriptomeZona Pellucida GlycoproteinsZP2 protein, humanbrain evolutioncerebellumhuman-specificmultiomicssynapse developmentZP2

Identifiers

PMID41819103

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.