ArticleNeuron2026
Brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages from blood and skull-bone marrow exhibit distinct properties.
Article in Neuron, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: experimental models and potential for treatment.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Enhancing the specificity of microglia genetic targeting using a CSF1R inhibitor.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-Dependent Effects of CSF1R-Mediated Myeloid Cell Depletion in a Mouse Model of Multiple System Atrophy.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Engulfment by brain macrophages in a short-lived vertebrate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transcription factor Maf promotes expression of repressor Zeb2 to drive microglia development in primitive hematopoiesis.Immunity · 2026Article
- Roles of IL-34 in neurological diseases: neuroprotection, inflammatory regulation, and myeloid plasticity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- ADAPT-3D:accelerated deep adaptable processing of tissue for 3-dimensional fluorescence tissue imaging for research and clinical settings.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Follicle on the Roof: Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Tracing LYVE1bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia arise from yolk sac progenitors and are thought to persist throughout life with minimal input from adult hematopoiesis. However, whether brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) exist at homeostasis and during turnover and how they function relative to yolk-sac-derived microglia (YSMs) remain unsettled. Here, we combine lineage tracing, pharmacological microglia depletion, and multi-omics profiling to define the ontogeny, identity, and function of brain parenchymal macrophages. Despite sharing the parenchymal milieu, MDMs display transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes distinct from YSMs. Fate-mapping reveals that brain-engrafted MDMs transiently express CD206, echoing a developmental stage of microglial precursors. MDM engraftment and polarization are modulated by interleukin (IL)-34 and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). Furthermore, parabiosis and skull-flap transplantation reveal that both blood and skull marrow supply the niche, yielding origin-biased MDM states. Functionally, MDM engraftment enhances cuprizone-mediated demyelination. Together, our study defines the origins, molecular features, and context-dependent roles of brain parenchymal macrophages across homeostasis, turnover, and central nervous system (CNS) pathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.