ArticleReproduction & fertility2026
Endometriosis healthcare access in Indonesia based on the Indonesian national health insurance data in 2020-2023.
Article in Reproduction & fertility, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Abstract: Endometriosis, with a global prevalence of approximately 18%, is a chronic condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and increases the risk of depression. Despite growing public health concerns, access to healthcare for endometriosis patients remains inadequate worldwide. This study aims to evaluate healthcare access in Indonesia, focusing on endometriosis care across regions and considering factors such as age, marital status, and health insurance participation. This cross-sectional study employs secondary data analysis of visitation records from the Social Security Agency for Health (BPJS Kesehatan) Indonesia in 2020-2023. Logistic regression was used to determine disparities in endometriosis care across regions and other related factors. We identified 1,974 visits from patients with a primary diagnosis of endometriosis (N.80) and 306 individuals who had multiple visits within our data time frame. Our analysis found that endometriosis care in Indonesia is affected by the type of services provided and national health insurance (NHI) participation, as well as by region. Patients in the lowest class of service had the least access to endometriosis therapy compared to those in the higher class. Patients living in Kalimantan, despite having more visits (OR = 1.92 (1.26-2.94)), are less likely to receive therapeutic management (laparoscopy, non-laparoscopy surgery, or non-surgical treatment) than those living in Java and Bali. This study reveals disparities in endometriosis healthcare access in Indonesia, underscoring the urgent need to increase the number of OB/GYN specialists and improve hospital quality, particularly in regions outside Java and Bali, to ensure equitable access for all endometriosis patients nationwide. Lay summary: Endometriosis affects 18% of women globally, yet diagnosis and treatment delays remain widespread. In Indonesia, this study reveals stark disparities in access to endometriosis care. Even with national health insurance implemented, access to care remains affected by the class of service to which patients are entitled, with those in the lowest class having the least access to endometriosis therapy. Patients living in Kalimantan, despite having more visits, are less likely to have access to endometriosis therapeutic management, such as laparoscopy, non-laparoscopy surgery, and non-surgical care, than those living in Java and Bali. These findings highlight urgent inequities in Indonesia's healthcare system, where a limited number of OB/GYN specialists and referral hospitals deprive women - particularly in remote areas - of optimal care. Addressing these gaps through policy reforms and equitable resource distribution is critical to improving endometriosis management and women's health nationwide.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.