ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2026
Pregnancy exposure to individual phthalate concentrations and their mixtures in relation to pediatric serum antibody response.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the association between gestational phthalate metabolite concentrations and mixtures and pediatric antibody response at 4-years of age to common childhood vaccines, while also exploring sexually dimorphic effects. This study utilized data from the Programming, Research, Obesity, and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) Study, an ongoing, longitudinal cohort of mother-child pairs residing in Mexico City. Fifteen phthalate metabolites were measured in spot urine samples collected from mothers during their second and third trimesters. Children have been regularly followed, with data collection on lifestyle, clinical, socio-economic, and demographic factors, and archived biologic specimen. IgG-specific antibody serum levels to measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis were quantified from children at the mean 4.7 years of age. Linear regression models, with log2 transformation of both the outcome and exposure variables, estimated the association between individual phthalate metabolites and antibody concentrations. Phthalate mixtures were analyzed using the Quantile G-Computational approach and Bayesian Kernel Machine regression. All analyses were also sex-stratified to investigate sexually dimorphic effects. The present analysis included 362 mother-child pairs. During the second trimester of pregnancy, a doubling increase of mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl terephthalate (MECPTP) concentrations was associated with a 6.98% decrease (95% CI: - 11.68%, - 2.04%) in diphtheria and a 2.57% decrease (95% CI: - 4.74%, - 0.35%) in mumps antibody levels, respectively. No statistically significant sex-differences were observed. Mixtures analyses did not reach statistical significance but observed similar associations with MECPTP. Concentrations of MECPTP, a replacement phthalate, were negatively associated with anti-diphtheria antibody levels in Hispanic children indicating a potential detrimental effect of newer alternative phthalates on pediatric health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.