ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
Characterization and anticancer bioactivity of the fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-Gre from Ganoderma resinaceum.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNatural products remain rich sources of anticancer agents. Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) from medicinal mushrooms show direct in vitro tumor inhibition; we investigated a new FIP, FIP-Gre, from Ganoderma resinaceum.
methodsFIP-Gre was identified by genome mining (LZ8 query), modeled by AlphaFold2, and assessed by docking/100-ns MD (EGFR, c-Met). Recombinant FIP-Gre was produced in E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET-29a (+), purified by Ni-NTA (~ 12.5 kDa), and tested for hemagglutination, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity (A549, HepG2, MCF-7; HEK-293 control), and apoptosis markers in A549 cells (8 µg/mL).
resultsFIP-Gre shares 90% identity with LZ8, contains a conserved Fve-type domain, and adopts a stable β-strand-rich fold. Docking/MD suggest strong, stable binding to EGFR and c-Met. FIP-Gre agglutinated mouse RBCs at 4 µg/mL, showed no antibacterial activity, and selectively inhibited cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 21.27 µg/mL (A549), 29.96 µg/mL (HepG2), and 43.34 µg/mL (MCF-7) while showing no toxicity toward normal HEK-293 cells. At 8 µg/mL, FIP-Gre significantly induced apoptosis in A549 cells by upregulating Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and p53, and downregulating Bcl-2, indicating activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
conclusionFIP-Gre is a structurally robust, mushroom-derived protein with selective in vitro anticancer activity and predicted RTK engagement, supporting its development, particularly against lung carcinoma.
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