Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41817302›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2026

Heterogeneous Activated B Cell Compartments Arising Early and Transiently After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.

Laura Fernandez Blanco, Lisan H Kuijper, Laura Y L Kummer, Niels J M Verstegen, Amélie Bos, Mathieu Claireaux, Mariël C Duurland, Tineke Jorritsma, Maurice Steenhuis, Gius Kerster and 14 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Laura Fernandez BlancoSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3485-1378
Lisan H KuijperSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3009-0943
Laura Y L KummerSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Niels J M VerstegenSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amélie BosSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Mathieu ClaireauxDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Mariël C DuurlandSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Tineke JorritsmaSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Maurice SteenhuisSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Gius KersterDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Juan J Garcia VallejoDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Marit J van GilsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Koos P J van DamDepartment of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Eileen W StalmanDepartment of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Luuk WieskeDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
Laura BoekelAmsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Gertjan J WolbinkAmsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sander W TasAmsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Theo RispensSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9600-1312
Taco W KuijpersDepartment of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Filip EftimovDepartment of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Anja Ten BrinkeSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
S Marieke van HamSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
of T2B! Immunity Against SARS‐CoV‐2 Study Group

Funding

Sanquin Blood Supply PPOC OPTIMAL L2506ZonMw 10430072010007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In humans, the stages and dynamics of B cell development after antigen encounter remain unclear. Identifying early B cell differentiation stages could reveal biomarkers for humoral immunity and potential targets to prevent unwanted antibody responses. We characterized antigen-specific B cell responses longitudinally after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination using multiparameter spectral flow cytometry. Spike-specific IgG

Indexed as

B-LymphocytesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesMemory B CellsSARS-CoV-2Antibodies, ViralCell DifferentiationGerminal CenterHumansImmunoglobulin GImmunologic MemoryLymphocyte ActivationVaccinationAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin GB‐cell differentiationCD11c+ activated B cellsextrafollicular responsesgerminal centerimmunological memorymRNA vaccination

Identifiers

PMID41817302
PMCPMC12981206

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.