Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41817140›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026

Archetypes of Binocular Visual Field Loss and Their Impact on Vision-Related Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients.

Mehrdad Gazanchian, Ashkan Nejad, David P Crabb, Giovanni Montesano, Nomdo M Jansonius

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mehrdad GazanchianDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ashkan NejadDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
David P CrabbDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Giovanni MontesanoDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Nomdo M JansoniusDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Binocular visual field (VF) loss affects vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) but the relationship between specific VF loss patterns and difficulties with specific tasks remains poorly understood. Archetypal analysis offers a promising method to elucidate spatial patterns of VF loss. In this study, we aimed to develop archetypes for binocular VF loss and assess their relationship with VR-QoL. Methods: We included 7305 pairs of reliable standard automated perimetry (24-2 SITA fast and standard) test results of patients from 5 glaucoma clinics in England from a Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership-funded audit. We executed an archetypal analysis on the corresponding integrated VFs (estimates of the binocular VFs from pairs of monocular VFs) to identify the best-fitting set of archetypes from our dataset. Then, we used these archetypes to deconstruct the binocular VF of 269 patients with glaucoma from the Netherlands that had completed 4 different VR-QoL questionnaires. Finally, relationships between each of the archetypes and different aspects of VR-QoL were analyzed. Results: The archetypal analysis demonstrated that a solution comprising 12 archetypes provides the best-fitting model. Our analysis of the 269 patients' with glaucoma data showed various significant and plausible relationships between the different archetypes and various aspects of VR-QoL. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate how archetypes can elucidate relationships between the location of a VF defect and different aspects of VR-QoL in glaucoma. This may help clinicians and patients better understand the impact of different types of VF defects.

Indexed as

GlaucomaQuality of LifeVision, BinocularVisual FieldsAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSickness Impact ProfileSurveys and QuestionnairesVisual Field Tests

Identifiers

PMID41817140
PMCPMC12988670

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.