Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41816722›Full record

ArticleTurkish journal of medical sciences2026

The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: risk factors, sources of infection, and sickness absenteeism.

Ezgi Gülten, Güle Çinar, İrem Akdemir, Elif Mukime Saricaoğlu, İlkay Taşdan, Emine Atmaca, Sibel Kaymakçi, Fatma Şanal, Dilek Sevim Akdaş, Arzu Büyüm and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ezgi GültenDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-7716
Güle ÇinarDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-8848
İrem AkdemirDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-9148
Elif Mukime SaricaoğluDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-2398
İlkay TaşdanInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6660-0776
Emine AtmacaInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9193-0679
Sibel KaymakçiInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7127-0974
Fatma ŞanalInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9463-1996
Dilek Sevim AkdaşInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6817-0906
Arzu BüyümInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1345-9218
Gülşah KocaaliInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5364-7682
Safiye TarakçiInfection Control Committee, Ankara University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8336-2033
Atilla Halil ElhanDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3324-248X
Mehmet Serhat BirengelDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-6488
Kemal Osman MemikoğluDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-3252
Alpay AzapDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-055X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background/aim: Healthcare workers (HCWs) face increased risks of COVID-19 infection due to occupational exposure. Understanding infection sources, risk factors, and workforce losses is crucial for mitigating these impacts in future pandemics. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors, infection sources, and sickness absenteeism among HCWs diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing insights to enhance infection control strategies. Materials and methods: The study included 2153 HCWs diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020 and February 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Türkiye. Demographic, clinical, and professional characteristics, personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, infection sources, and vaccination data were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using the R programming language. Results: Among infected HCWs, 68.5% were female, and nurses accounted for 39.4% of cases. PPE compliance was significantly higher in COVID-19-specific units compared to non-COVID-19 units (p < 0.001), yet inappropriate PPE use was observed in 10.5% of exposures. Infections were community-acquired in 35.4%, hospital-acquired from colleagues in 24.9%, and from patients in 7.2% of cases, while 32.5% of infections had unidentified sources. Vaccination data revealed that 73.7% of HCWs missed opportunities for timely vaccination, and nearly half of the vaccinated HCWs were not within the protective window at the time of infection. Sickness absenteeism totaled 23,454 days, exceeding expected workforce loss by 2891 days. Hospitalization occurred in 4.1% of cases, with one fatality. Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical importance of comprehensive infection control measures, improved vaccination uptake, and robust workforce management to protect HCWs and sustain healthcare systems during pandemics.

Indexed as

AbsenteeismCOVID-19Health PersonnelOccupational ExposureAdultFemaleFrontline WorkersHumansMaleMiddle AgedPersonal Protective EquipmentRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2TurkeyCOVID-19healthcare workerspandemic preparednesssickness absenteeismvaccination coverage

Identifiers

PMID41816722
PMCPMC12974273

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.