ArticleJournal of hand surgery global online2026
The Cost of Hand Injuries to Non-United States Citizen Manual Laborers.
Article in Journal of hand surgery global online, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Non-United States (US) citizen Spanish-speaking workers in high-risk manual labor occupations experience disproportionately high rates of work-related injuries. This study examined injury patterns, treatments, return-to-work status, and medical costs associated with work-related hand injuries in this population. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 3,878 patient charts from a level one trauma center in the Southeastern United States from 2016 to 2024, identifying 46 non-US citizen Spanish-speaking manual laborers with work-related hand injuries. Key variables included injury type, return-to-work status, total medical costs, and hospital length of stay. Results: The cohort consisted of 45 men and 1 woman, most of whom (78.26%) were employed in construction-related roles. Insurance distribution was 50% free care, 34.78% self-pay, and 15.22% workers' compensation. Average cost per patient was highest in the free care group ($99,503.02 ± $121,740.74), followed by workers' compensation ($73,055.81 ± $63,818.97) and self-pay ($33,231.66 ± $32,925.58), with a total cost burden of $3,258,610.94. Conclusions: This study highlights significant financial burdens and health care disparities faced by non-US citizen Spanish-speaking manual laborers with work-related hand injuries. Addressing these challenges through workplace safety regulations and expanded health care access is crucial to improving outcomes for this integral population in the workforce. Type of study/level of evidence: Economic and Decision Analyses IIIb.
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