Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41816322›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Non-HLA antibody trajectories may predict kidney transplant outcomes.

Raja Rajalingam, Tara K Sigdel, Stalinraja Maruthamuthu, Pawan Kumar Raghav, Zoltan G Laszik, Gilberto Da Gente, Denice Kong, Jun Shoji, Bryan Ray

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Raja RajalingamImmunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Tara K SigdelDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Stalinraja MaruthamuthuImmunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Pawan Kumar RaghavImmunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Zoltan G LaszikDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Gilberto Da GenteImmunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Denice KongImmunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Jun ShojiCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Bryan RayResearch and Development, Werfen, Wakesha, WI, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSAs) are well-established mediators of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), but growing evidence suggests that non-HLA antibodies may also contribute to kidney allograft dysfunction. However, the clinical utility of non-HLA antibody testing remains limited due to assay variability and undefined pathogenic thresholds. Methods: In this longitudinal study, we evaluated 167 deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients at UCSF using a multiplex Luminex assay to quantify IgG reactivity against 88 non-HLA antigens in paired pre- and post-transplant serum samples (n = 334). Patients were stratified by HLA-DSA status and graft outcome. The non-HLA panel reactive antibody (PRA) percentage was defined as the proportion of positive beads among the 88 tested antigens. Results: Global non-HLA PRA declined significantly from pre- to post-transplant (9% to 6%; Discussion: These findings suggest that longitudinal trajectories of non-HLA PRA, rather than staticmeasurements or DSA status alone, may influence graft loss. The dynamic nature of non-HLA antibody responses and supports integration of non-HLA antibody profiling into longitudinal immune monitoring frameworks. Larger multicenter studies are needed to define clinically meaningful threshold and estabilish the utility of non-HLA PRA testing across diverse transplant populations.

Indexed as

Graft RejectionHLA AntigensIsoantibodiesKidney TransplantationAdultFemaleGraft SurvivalHumansImmunoglobulin GLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeHLA AntigensImmunoglobulin GIsoantibodiesalloimmunityantibody-mediated rejection (ABMR)donor-specific antibodies (DSA)graft outcomesimmune monitoringkidney transplantationminor histocompatibility antigensnon-HLA antibodies

Identifiers

PMID41816322
PMCPMC12971436

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.