ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
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Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can induce diarrhea and mucosal tissue damage, and in severe cases, may result in fatal. Targeted adjuvants capable of enhancing intestinal IgA antibody responses represent an effective strategy for preventing bovine viral diarrhea. Methods: In this study, an Results: The results demonstrate that the particle size of AHPPE is 2133 nm, with excellent dispersion and stability. The encapsulation efficiencies for BVDV and AHP were 66.8% and 73.2%, respectively. AHPPE demonstrated recruitment of antigen-presenting cells at the injection site and activated IgA cells in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, inducing to increased IgA expression across multiple intestinal segments. Furthermore, AHPPE significantly induced serum IgG production and elevated levels of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α ( Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that AHPPE adjuvant administered via injection can simultaneously induce effective systemic immune and intestinal mucosal immunity. Therefore, as a novel intestinal-targeted adjuvant, AHPPE shows potential to enhance the specific intestinal mucosal immunity and systemic immunity of BVDV vaccine.
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