Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41816235›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026

Awareness and best practices in using ketogenic therapy to treat serious mental illness: a modified Delphi consensus.

Georgia Ede, Matthew Bernstein, Lori Calabrese, Iain H Campbell, Nicole Laurent, Chris M Palmer, Shebani Sethi, Beth Zupec-Kania

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Georgia EdeGeorgia Ede MD PLLC, Newburyport, MA, United States.
Matthew BernsteinMedical Director, Ellenhorn LLC and Accord Mental Health LLC, Arlington, MA, United States.
Lori CalabreseTouchpoints180, South Windsor, CT, United States.
Iain H CampbellDivision of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Nicole LaurentLicensed Mental Health Counselor, Family Renewal Inc, Vancouver, WA, United States.
Chris M PalmerHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.
Shebani SethiDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Beth Zupec-KaniaKetogenic Therapies LLC, Elm Grove, WI, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Metabolic dysfunction is emerging as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, fueling interest in ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT) as a potentially beneficial intervention for serious mental illness. KMT has been used successfully for decades in treating epilepsy, but evidence for treating mental illness has yet to mature. Aims: This study aimed to produce expert-informed guidance for the implementation of KMT in adults with serious mood and psychotic disorders. Method: A modified Delphi methodology was used to examine the opinions of KMT-experienced mental health experts. A steering group of eight such experts convened to develop an online survey comprising 33 statements regarding 1) the definition of KMT in the context of serious mood and psychotic illness; 2) identification of eligible candidates; 3) monitoring and measurement standards; and 4) best practices in employing KMT. This survey was distributed to clinician peers to examine opinions. The threshold for consensus agreement was set Result: Consensus was reached for all 33 statements (100%); therefore, the steering group approved the complete series of recommendations. Conclusions: This consensus provides expert-informed guidance to support the use of KMT in adults with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

Indexed as

bipolar disorderketogenic dietmajor depressive disorderschizophreniaserious mental illness

Identifiers

PMID41816235
PMCPMC12971900

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.