ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2026
Demographic and conceptual disparities in systemic lupus erythematosus: A comparative analysis from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and may lead to serious complications if not detected and treated early. Raising public awareness about SLE is crucial for early diagnosis and management. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding SLE among the general population in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of the Riyadh region aged 18 years and older. Data were collected using an online validated questionnaire distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire measured sociodemographic data, general knowledge about SLE, understanding of its causes, symptoms, complications, and treatment, as well as public attitudes. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square tests were used to determine associations between demographic variables and knowledge levels, using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 646 participants completed the survey. Only 14.8% of respondents knew that SLE is an autoimmune disease, and 38.7% recognized that it can affect multiple organs. Furthermore, only 33.9% were aware of its potentially life-threatening complications. Significant associations were found between awareness levels and age group ( Conclusions: This study revealed a significant lack of knowledge and awareness of SLE in the Riyadh region. The findings emphasize the need for targeted educational campaigns and public health efforts to improve early recognition and management of SLE, thereby reducing disease-related complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.