ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2026
Examining the association between thyroid dysfunction and metabolic syndrome components in a setting of high atherosclerotic heart disease risk factor prevalence: A cross-sectional study from Kochi, Kerala.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid dysfunction (TD)-known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors-have each been separately documented to have significantly higher prevalence in the coastal urban population in Kochi, Kerala. This study aimed to assess the extent of overlap and association between these two entities, and their components, in such a scenario. Study Setting: Hospital-based cross-sectional study from December 2017 to January 2019 in a tertiary care center's General Medicine Department. Materials and Methods: Patients aged 20-80 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited after written informed consent. Baseline demographic data was collected. Waist circumference (WC) and systolic/diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) were recorded. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels were determined by an automated biochemical analyzer. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated by the electrochemiluminescence immune assay (ECLIA). MetS was diagnosed based on the modified Asian National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the association between MetS and TD components. Results: Of 307 included patients with MetS (244 [79.50%] male: 63 [20.50%] female), 30.6% had TD with relative risk in females higher at 1.509 (0.989-2.356). Among the MetS components, FBG > 100.0 mg/dL was the most prevalent (86.3%), followed by increased WC (83.1%), decreased HDL (61.6%), increased TG levels (57.3%), and increased SBP/DBP (46.3%). The most commonly detected TD was subclinical hypothyroidism in 82 (26.7%). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed no statistically significant association between any thyroid function test and MetS component. Conclusion: TD appears to evolve and present independently of MetS in this setting. This warrants their individual routine screening and identification, towards mitigating overall ASCVD risk.
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