Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41815573›Full record

ReviewCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy2026

Transforming clinical documentation with ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes: a narrative review of technology, impact, and implementation.

Mahshad Razaghi, Abdelrahman Hafez, Juan M Farina, Isabel G Scalia, Milagros Pereyra, Fatmaelzahraa E Abdelfattah, Hesham Sheashaa, Kamal Awad, Steven J Lester, Chadi Ayoub and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Beyond productivity: aBMJ digital health & AI · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mahshad RazaghiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-3004
Abdelrahman HafezDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Juan M FarinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Isabel G ScaliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Milagros PereyraDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Fatmaelzahraa E AbdelfattahDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Hesham SheashaaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Kamal AwadDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Steven J LesterDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Chadi AyoubDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Reza ArsanjaniDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objective: Electronic health records (EHRs) have modernized care but increased documentation burden and clinician burnout. Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes, combining automated speech recognition (ASR), natural language processing (NLP), and generative AI, aim to address this by capturing encounters and generating documentation. Related technologies, including virtual assistants and autonomous patient-facing systems, extend these capabilities beyond the clinician's physical presence. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the real-world performance, implementation, and impact of these AI tools. Methods: A narrative literature search was conducted using PubMed, supplemented by a manual review of reference lists from key articles. The search covered studies published between January 2019 and June 2025. After screening and full-text review, 18 studies met inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this review. Key Content and Findings: AI scribes consistently reduce documentation burden and cognitive load, improve workflow efficiency, save time, and enhance patient-clinician interaction by allowing greater clinician focus. However, studies also report frequent documentation omissions and occasional clinically significant hallucinations. Implementation remains a sociotechnical challenge involving workflow redesign, medico-legal considerations, and preservation of the patient-clinician relationship. In cardiology, where documentation requires precise, time-sensitive detail, AI-related errors may carry greater risk, underscoring the need for specialty-specific validation. Conclusions: Ambient AI scribes show promise in reducing workload, improving efficiency, and decreasing burnout, but current systems still generate high omission rates and intermittent factual inaccuracies that may affect clinical decision-making. Evidence remains limited by small cohorts and methodological variability, warranting cautious interpretation. More rigorous, standardized evaluations are needed before routine clinical adoption.

Indexed as

accuracyambient artificial intelligence scribe (ambient AI scribe)Artificial intelligence (AI)doctor-patient relationshipsafety

Identifiers

PMID41815573
PMCPMC12973079

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.