ArticleTransplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation2026
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA as a Non-Invasive Readout of Activity Across the Rejection Continuum.
Article in Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Editorial: Methods in alloimmunity and transplantation: 2025.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Recent work demonstrated that kidney allograft rejection unfolds along a biological continuum that can be quantified using histopathology-derived continuous indices. To investigate whether donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) reflects this rejection continuum and complements these histopathology-derived indices, we analyzed the association between dd-cfDNA measures and the newly developed rejection indices in 249 indication biopsies from two independent cohorts. dd-cfDNA was analyzed as percentage, absolute copies/mL, and as a previously developed combined continuous model (CM) score integrating both measures to mitigate limitations of relative measurements. dd-cfDNA increased with histopathological activity and was highest in biopsies with microvascular inflammation (MVI), including antibody-mediated (AMR) and mixed rejection, paralleling high AMR/MVI and activity indices. T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) showed elevated TCMR/tubulointerstitial inflammation (TI) indices but lower and more variable dd-cfDNA, accompanied by increased total cfDNA, providing a plausible explanation for the reduced detectability of low-grade TCMR when dd-cfDNA is expressed as a percentage alone. Interclass correlation analyses revealed the strongest associations between dd-cfDNA and the AMR/MVI and activity indices. The combined CM score achieved the highest overall associations (sum R
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