Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41815519›Full record

ArticleGMS infectious diseases2026

Analysis of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens (MRGN) in different areas of the healthcare system and their significance in the outpatient sector.

Cosima Berdin, Tobias Kaspers, Barbara Gärtner, Alexander Halfmann, Fabian K Berger, Nina Walzer, Sören L Becker, Sophie Schneitler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in GMS infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Cosima BerdinInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Tobias KaspersInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Barbara GärtnerInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Alexander HalfmannInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Fabian K BergerInstitute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Nina WalzerInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Sören L BeckerInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Sophie SchneitlerInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the global threat of increasing antibiotic resistance, risk factor detection of multi-resistant pathogens is particularly important. This is complicated by different definitions, using the international extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) definition and the German definition of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens (MRGN). Although the MRGN definition was primarily introduced for hospital hygiene measures, it is often used in outpatient or semi-inpatient areas. Due to the increasing numbers of outpatient treatments of the healthcare system, corresponding data is necessary for specific hygiene regulations. This study provides MRGN and ESBL data based on a stool examination and a questionnaire evaluation in the period 07/2021-03/2022 of 231 outpatients of Saarland University Medical Center before traveling abroad. There was a 3MRGN prevalence of 2.6% with five

Indexed as

ambulatory carebeta-lactam resistanceCOVID-19drug resistanceMDR

Identifiers

PMID41815519
PMCPMC12973377

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.