ArticleTranslational cancer research2026
Efficacy and safety of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Translational cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), such as atezolizumab (Ate) and pembrolizumab (Pem), have expanded therapeutic options for breast cancer (BC). However, the comparative efficacy of ICI-chemotherapy (ICI-CT) combinations with different CT backbones [e.g., solvent-based paclitaxel Methods: Searches were performed across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science to identify relevant studies comparing Ate- or Pem-based combinations (e.g., Ate + nP, Ate + CT, Pem + CT) with control regimens. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and subgroup analyses for TNBC. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models for pooled hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I Results: A total of 12 studies involving 6,691 patients were included in the analysis. Ate combined with nP significantly improved OS (HR =0.75; 95% CI: 0.65-0.86) and PFS (HR =0.69; 95% CI: 0.62-0.78) compared to placebo + CT. Pem + CT also enhanced OS (HR =0.70; 95% CI: 0.57-0.86; I Conclusions: This is a relatively low-heterogeneity meta-analysis directly comparing Ate- and Pem-based combinations in BC. Ate + nP is the most effective regimen for PD-L1-positive TNBC, significantly improving survival. These findings support prioritizing Ate + nP for this population in clinical practice and underscore the need for biomarker-driven strategies to optimize immunotherapy efficacy. Future research should explore PD-L1 expression thresholds and CT sequencing to refine personalized treatment.
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Registered trials
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