Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41814974›Full record

ArticleJMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies2026

Barriers to Adoption of Electronic Low Vision Aids Among Eye Care Professionals in Jordan: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Areej Okasheh-Otoom

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Areej Okasheh-OtoomFaculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan, 962 27201000.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-8513

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Digital, smart, and electronic low vision aids (LVAs) have expanded options for visual rehabilitation and functional independence among people with visual impairment. However, adoption of these technologies remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Jordan, where access, affordability, and training resources may be constrained. Objective: To examine barriers to the adoption of electronic LVAs and identify factors associated with their use among eye care professionals in Jordan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 270 eye care professionals working in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and private clinics across Jordan. The questionnaire assessed awareness, training exposure, institutional support, and perceived barriers related to electronic LVAs. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were used to examine adoption patterns and predictors, with statistical significance set at P<.05. Results: Of the 270 participants, 156 (57.8%) were optometrists, 78 (28.9%) were ophthalmologists, and 36 (13.3%) were low vision specialists. The mean age was 36 (SD 8) years, and the mean professional experience was 12 (SD 6) years. Overall, 117 of 270 (42.2%) participants reported current use or recommendation of electronic LVAs. The most frequently reported barriers were high device cost (n=213, 79%), lack of training (n=184, 68.1%), limited institutional support (n=173, 64%), and low patient awareness (n=154, 57%). In multivariable analysis, greater training exposure (odds ratio [OR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.31-2.53; P<.001), stronger institutional support (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12-1.96; P=.008), and higher awareness scores (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.72; P=.02) were positively associated with aid adoption, whereas high device cost was negatively associated with aid adoption (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.62; P<.001). Conclusions: Adoption of electronic LVAs among eye care professionals in Jordan remains limited. Cost, training exposure, and institutional support are key factors influencing uptake. These findings suggest that strengthening professional training and institutional support may facilitate broader integration of electronic LVAs into low vision rehabilitation services.

Indexed as

adoption barriersassistive technologydigital rehabilitationelectronic low vision aidsJordanlow visionophthalmologyoptometry

Identifiers

PMID41814974
PMCPMC12954482

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.