ArticleJournal of sleep research2026
Chronotype and All-Cause Mortality in US Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Results From the NHANES.
Article in Journal of sleep research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
We examined the association between behavioural chronotype estimates and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults. We studied 2261 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who wore an ActiGraph on their hip for 7 days and were instructed to remove it for sleep. We estimated the average midpoint of time-in-bed (TIB) on weekends and categorised participants based on two sets of chronotype cutoffs. Chronotype I was defined as follows: intermediate-type I (≥ 3:30 AM and ≤ 4:30 AM), early-type I (≥ 11:00 PM and < 3:30 AM) and late-type I (> 4:30 AM and ≤ 11:00 AMm). In chronotype definition II, we expanded the intermediate category by 1 h on each side. We examined associations between chronotype and all-cause mortality in three age groups (50-65, n = 1055; 66-80, n = 895; 81+, n = 311) using survey-weighted Cox models. Six-hundred-fifty deaths occurred. Following adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio, BMI, smoking and drinking status, comorbidities and average TIB, among participants aged 81+, late-type I was associated with 123% greater mortality risk (HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.33, 3.74) versus intermediate-type I. Among participants aged 50-65, late-type II was associated with a 107% greater mortality risk (HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.09, 3.91) versus intermediate-type II. Findings suggest, in adults 50-65 and those aged 81+, that compared to individuals with intermediate chronotype, those with late chronotype have a higher risk of all-cause mortality; however, these associations may differ as a function of the temporal boundaries by which late chronotype is defined.
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