ArticleCancer cell international2026
Recapitulation of human 3D colorectal cancer model using smart thermo-responsive hydrogel for monitoring angiogenesis.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnicellular and multicellular spheroids are innovative culture platforms to recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment for various pathological conditions, such as tumor models and therapeutic research. Despite their advantages in biomedical fields, the lack of integrity and compactness is the main challenge in a prolonged culture system. This study aimed to develop and scale up high-throughput, long-term, and stable cancer spheroids with certain hydrogel composites using the hanging drop approach.
methodsTo better mimic tumor spheroid formation and enhance HT-29 cell cohesion, a novel hydrogel-based matrix composed of methylcellulose (MC) was fabricated. To this end, MC was modified using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTES) and cross-linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin (GEL). HT-29 cells were encapsulated inside MC, modified methyl cellulose (MMC), MMC/PEG, MMC/GEL, and MMC/PEG/GEL hydrogels. General features of hydrogels were characterized using FTIR, NMR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, DLS, FE-SEM, EDS, and rheology. The survival rate, angiogenesis capacity, compactness, circularity, and Wnt signaling pathway activity were also monitored over time.
resultsData indicated appropriate physicochemical properties of MC-based spheroids, especially in the MMC/PEG/GEL group. The incorporation of different substrates into the final composite was also confirmed. MTT assay indicated enhanced HT-29 cell viability inside spheroids composed of MMC/PEG/GEL compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). These features coincided with proper integrity, circularity, compactness, and up-regulation of VEGF and HIF-1α in the MMC/PEG/GEL group (p < 0.05). PCR array analysis showed the up-regulation of several effectors related to the Wnt signaling pathway in MMC/PEG/GEL spheroids as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05).
conclusionsTaken together, the MMC/PEG/GEL hydrogel composite provides a suitable niche for proper cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interaction, leading to the generation of comparable 3D cultured spheroids to a biomimetic tumor mass.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.