Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41814191›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2026

Frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the importance of metabolic control and treatment adherence.

Özlem Kardaş Kin, Arzu Güngör Tolasa, Ayşegül Çelik

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Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Özlem Kardaş KinVocational School of Health Services, Gaziantep Islamic Science and Technology University, Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Türkiye. kardas.ozlem@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-5786
Arzu Güngör TolasaIzmir City Hospital, Education R&D, Izmir, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-7858
Ayşegül ÇelikFaculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Izmir Bakirçay University, Gazi Mustafa Kemal District, Kaynaklar Caddesi Seyrek, Menemen, Izmir, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1786-0309

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFrailty is frequent in older adults with type 2 diabetes and may be associated with negatively affect treatment adherence and metabolic control.

objectiveThis study aimed to assess frailty levels in older adults with type 2 diabetes and to examine their associations with treatment adherence and metabolic parameters.

methodsThis descriptive correlational study was conducted with 384 type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using “Personal Information Form”, “Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS)”, “Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS)”, and “Metabolic Parameters Monitoring Form”. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

resultsFrailty levels were significantly higher among women, those with lower education, longer disease duration, insulin or OAD+insulin users, and individuals with complications. Frailty was observed in 78.6% of participants, with 32.8% classified as severe. The mean MARS score was 14.3, indicating moderate adherence, which was lower among those with complications and OAD+insulin therapy. EFS scores showed significant associations with metabolic parameters and a negative correlation with MARS, suggesting reduced adherence with increasing frailty. Multiple regression confirmed the model predicting frailty was significant (F = 16.170, p < 0.001), explaining 28% of the variance (R²=0.28).

conclusionFrailty is highly prevalent among older adults with type 2 diabetes and is associated with lower medication adherence and adverse metabolic profiles. These findings underscore the importance of routine frailty screening and individualized, multidisciplinary care in diabetes management. IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY: Early identification of frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes is essential to improve treatment adherence and metabolic outcomes. Integrating frailty screening into routine diabetes care can guide personalized interventions and support multidisciplinary management to reduce complications and enhance overall well-being.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Frail ElderlyFrailtyGlycemic ControlAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleHypoglycemic AgentsAgedDiabetes mellitusFrailtyGlycemic controlMedication adherenceType 2

Identifiers

PMID41814191
PMCPMC13093942

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.