ArticleNature medicine2026
Antibiotic use and gut microbiome composition links from individual-level prescription data of 14,979 individuals.
Article in Nature medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- A network dynamical simulation model for the study of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Microbiome ecology and antibiotic treatment failure: resistance spread, microbial competition and community engineering.Microbial genomics · 2026Review
- Article
- The Critical Period Microbiota Shape Brain Plasticity.Research square · 2026Article
- Microbiota matter.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Genitourinary microbiota in older women: a persistent knowledge gap that limits clinical and research progress.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media: has watchful waiting gone with the diagnosis?CJEM · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Class-Specific Effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbiome Disruption, Risk, and Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Antibiotic-Driven Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis: Resistome Dynamics, Metabolic Disruption, and Paths to Restoration.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Food Systems to Gut Microbiota: Dietary Substrates, Microbial Exposure and One Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- A review of the randomized clinical trial results from the Staphylococcus aureus network adaptive platform (SNAP) meticillin-susceptible (MSSA) and penicillin-susceptible (PSSA) domains and CloCeBa.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Review
- The Critical Period Microbiota Shape Brain Plasticity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Antibiotic Exposure Through Human Milk Influences the Infant Gut Microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Microbiome-Driven Risk Stratification and Biotherapeutics in Radiation Enteritis.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Link between physical activity, nutrition, and antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy: Implications for resistance management.SAGE open medicine · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide and the gut microbiota-obesity axis: metabolic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Translational approaches in microbiome research: from functional mechanisms to next-generation therapeutics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Disruptions in gut microbiome are implicated in cardiometabolic disorders and other health outcomes. Antibiotics are known gut microbiome disruptors, but their long-term consequences remain underexplored. Here we combined individual-level data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register with fecal metagenomes of 14,979 adults to examine the association between oral antibiotic use over 8 years and gut microbiome. In multivariable confounder-adjusted regression models, antibiotic use <1 year before fecal sampling was associated with the greatest reduction in species diversity, but significant associations were also observed for use 1-4 and 4-8 years earlier. Clindamycin, fluoroquinolones and flucloxacillin accounted for most of the associations with the abundance of individual species. Use of these antibiotics 4-8 years earlier was associated with altered abundance of 10-15% of the species studied; penicillin V, extended-spectrum penicillins and nitrofurantoin were associated with only a few species. Similar results were found comparing one antibiotic course 4-8 years before sampling versus none in the past 8 years. These findings indicate that antibiotics may have long-lasting consequences for the gut microbiome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.