ArticleScientific reports2026
Interactive effects of biochar and microbial biofertilizers on sandy soil fertility and cowpea yield in Egyptian agroecosystems.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata) is a promising legume crop for arid and semi-arid regions due to its short growth duration, nutritional value, and drought tolerance. However, sandy soils in Egypt suffer from low fertility, weak aggregation, and poor water-holding capacity, which limit crop productivity. This study evaluated the combined effects of biochar and microbial inoculants (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on sandy soil fertility and cowpea productivity in Egypt. A two-season (2020–2021) field experiment was conducted in the Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, using cowpea cv. Dokki 126 in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments (biochar, microbial inoculants, nitrogen fertilizer, and their combinations) and three replicates. The integrated application of biochar and microbial inoculants significantly increased total microbial counts by up to 65% and dehydrogenase activity by 42% compared to the control. Soil bulk density decreased by 18%, total porosity increased by 22%, and available soil N, P, and K contents increased by 45%, 52%, and 39%, respectively, leading to higher chlorophyll content (+ 28%), plant length (+ 21%), and seed yield (+ 33%) relative to the control. These findings indicate that integrating biochar with microbial inoculants significantly enhances sandy soil fertility and cowpea productivity, offering a sustainable pathway for soil restoration in arid ecosystems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.