Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41813705›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

D-serine and D-alanine supplementation protects against chronic kidney disease.

Yusuke Nakade, Yasunori Iwata, Tadashi Toyama, Taku Kobayashi, Masashi Mita, Yuta Yamamura, Megumi Oshima, Toshiaki Tokumaru, Shinji Kitajima, Miho Shimizu and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yusuke NakadeDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Yasunori IwataDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan. iwatay@staff.kanazwa-u.ac.jp.
Tadashi ToyamaDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Taku KobayashiDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Masashi MitaKAGAMI Co., Ltd., 7-18 Saitobaiohiruzu Centre 308, Ibaragi-shi, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan.
Yuta YamamuraDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Megumi OshimaDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Toshiaki TokumaruDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Shinji KitajimaDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Miho ShimizuDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Norihiko SakaiDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Takashi WadaDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.

Funding

AMED JP21ek0310012Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of the Japanese Government 17K08978 and 21K07315
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Novel therapeutic targets for renal protection are imperative due to the escalating prevalence of end-stage kidney disease despite existing treatments for chronic kidney disease (CKD). We explored the reno-protective effects of D-serine and D-alanine, which have previously demonstrated efficacy in acute kidney injury against CKD. Female and male 5/6-nephrectomy mice were used as CKD models, receiving 20 mM D-serine or D-alanine supplementation, and their survival rates, renal function, and transcriptomic changes were examined. The proliferation of human tubular epithelial cells supplemented with D-serine or D-alanine was evaluated in vitro. A prospective cohort study involving 14 patients was conducted to examine the association between increased blood D-serine or D-alanine levels and long-term renal function decline. D-serine or D-alanine supplementation improved survival rates and renal function in female 5/6-nephrectomy mice. D-alanine supplementation was associated with the upregulation of mitochondrial pathway-related genes. Long-term supplementation (500 days) in normal mice did not induce nephrotoxicity, and promoted tubular epithelial cell proliferation. Although a trend toward a slower decline in eGFR was observed in patients with higher D-alanine levels, this association was limited and does not indicate a causal relationship. Further studies involving D-Ala interventions in patients with CKD are needed to confirm these findings.

Indexed as

AlanineDietary SupplementsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSerineAnimalsCell ProliferationDisease Models, AnimalEpithelial CellsFemaleHumansMaleMiceMiddle AgedProspective StudiesAlanineSerineChronic kidney diseaseD-alanineD-serineSupplementationTherapeutic option

Identifiers

PMID41813705
PMCPMC12979671

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.