Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41813108›Full record

ArticleJMIR serious games2026

The Mechanism and Design Principles of Serious Games in Enhancing Adolescents' Internet Adaptability.

Shijie Gao, Min Jia, Weijun Wang, Jianping Hu, Shihao Ma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR serious games, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shijie Gao *School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No.152 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China, 86 18560177867.ORCID 0009-0002-2520-0044
Min Jia *School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No.152 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China, 86 18560177867.ORCID 0009-0008-5274-610X
Weijun WangKey Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6077-1101
Jianping HuSchool of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No.152 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China, 86 18560177867.ORCID 0009-0009-9718-5278
Shihao MaSchool of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No.152 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China, 86 18560177867.ORCID 0009-0005-9918-6638

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unlabelled: Adolescents' internet adaptability (IA) is crucial for their online behavior and mental health. Serious games (SGs), as an emerging educational tool, hold promise for enhancing this adaptability through engaging, goal-oriented learning. Yet, direct evidence in this area remains limited. This viewpoint aims to clarify the mechanisms through which SGs enhance adolescents' IA and to derive corresponding design principles that can inform educational practice and game development. Drawing on insights from both Chinese and international studies, this study adopts a cross-contextual perspective to explore how SGs can foster IA in varied educational environments. Beyond synthesizing existing findings, this viewpoint provides an integrated account of why IA is essential in contemporary digital life and how SGs can support its development. It proposes a 3-stage framework, illustrating how contextualized design, real-time feedback, and dynamic tasks promote experiential learning, self-regulation, and the transfer of online skills. Based on this framework, the study further articulates 6 core design principles: clear goal definition, interaction diversity, contextual authenticity, immediate, scaffolding and explanatory feedback, a dynamically adaptive learning environment, and safety-by-design for digital well-being. These principles translate the core characteristics and mechanisms of SGs into actionable guidance for developing effective IA interventions. By synthesizing theoretical insights with practical considerations, this viewpoint highlights how SGs can serve as accessible and scalable tools to support adolescents in navigating increasingly complex digital environments. Together, these insights provide practical implications for educators, curriculum designers, and digital game developers seeking to foster adolescents' safe, responsible, and adaptive engagement in online environments.

Indexed as

adolescentsgame based learninggame design mechanismgame design principlesinternet adaptability

Identifiers

PMID41813108
PMCPMC12978936

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.