Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41812281›Full record

Trial reportNeuroImage. Clinical2026

Functional gradient analysis reveals potential therapeutic mechanisms of nrTMS for postoperative motor deficits in glioma patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Yuzhe Li, Jiangwei Wang, Zhong Zhang, Xing Fan, Yinyan Wang, Wenbin Ma, Tao Jiang, Shengyu Fang

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yuzhe LiChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, and Translational Medicine of Brain Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jiangwei WangBeijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhong ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xing FanBeijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yinyan WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Wenbin MaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Research Unit of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, and Translational Medicine of Brain Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: mawb@pumch.cn.
Tao JiangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, and Translational Medicine of Brain Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: taojiang1964@foxmail.com.
Shengyu FangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: fangtuo1@aliyun.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and neural mechanisms of high-frequency neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) targeting the hand knob in glioma patients with postoperative motor deficits, using functional gradient analysis to characterize cortical reorganization.

methodsThirty patients with postoperative motor deficits were randomized to receive nrTMS or sham stimulation targeting the ipsilateral hand knob. Motor function was assessed using Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and muscle strength. Resting-state fMRI was acquired to compute principal functional gradients. Control/tumor, nrTMS/sham, and Pre-TMS/Post-TMS gradient changes were analyzed. Correlation and regression analyses related to motor recovery were performed.

resultsThe nrTMS group showed significantly greater improvement in muscle strength (Post-treatment: nrTMS: 3.533 ± 0.720, Sham: 2.067 ± 0.572, p = 0.019, d = 1.082; 3-month follow-up: nrTMS: 4.600 ± 0.408, Sham: 3.733 ± 0.609, p = 0.035, d = 1.012). Gradient analysis revealed increased sensorimotor network (SMN) gradient scores following nrTMS (Pre-TMS: -0.707 ± 0.108; Post-TMS: -0.636 ± 0.077; p = 0.016), and HH_SomMot_22 within upper limb motor cortex is most strongly correlated with motor recovery.

conclusionsHigh-frequency nrTMS targeting the hand knob accelerated the motor recovery. Gradient analysis findings provide novel insights into therapeutic mechanisms of nrTMS and underscore the value of the hand knob as a stimulation target.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGliomaPostoperative ComplicationsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdultFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedMotor CortexMuscle StrengthFunctional gradientsGliomaMotor deficitnrTMS

Identifiers

PMID41812281
PMCPMC12996816

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.