ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2026
Multi-omics study on tumor-associated macrophages remodeling the tumor microenvironment via the CXCL5-CXCR2 axis to drive immune escape in bladder cancer.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Monocarboxylate Transporter 2 (MCT2) Reduction Is Associated with Increased Lung Tumor Growth and Alterations in the Immune Microenvironment in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- LAMC2Cancer science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPD-1/L1 inhibitors improve the prognosis of patients with advanced bladder cancer, but the clinical remission rate remains below 25%. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and chemokines are critical in the tumor microenvironment (TME), affecting tumor progression, immunotherapeutic efficacy, and patient prognosis; however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study exhibits innovation by adopting a tumor microenvironment perspective to investigate the interaction mechanism between bladder cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages, as well as factors affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy.
methodsSingle-cell sequencing, bulk sequencing, and in vivo experiments identified TAM infiltration characteristics, their impacts on prognosis and immunotherapy. In vitro, we established a co-culture model and performed targeted metabolomic sequencing on TAMs. Xenograft and tail vein metastasis models were used to investigate the function of CXCL5-CXCR2 axis in bladder TME.
resultsM2 macrophages were positively correlated with the clinical staging of bladder cancer and resistance to immunotherapy. Single-cell sequencing data revealed that CXCL5
conclusionThe CXCL5-CXCR2 axis mediates bladder cancer cell-macrophage crosstalk: macrophages promote tumor growth, immune escape, and cisplatin tolerance; tumor cells induce macrophage polarization and reshape immunosuppressive TME. Additionally, this axis drives bladder cancer malignant progression and enhances immunotherapy efficacy.
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