Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41811027›Full record

ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2026

Comparative evaluation of sputum microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculosis detection and rifampicin resistance surveillance in Biratnagar, Nepal.

Shristy Ojha, Akash Adhikari, Sujan Adhikari, Swagat Khanal, Chandan Sah Kalwar, Om Prakash Panta

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shristy OjhaDepartment of Microbiology, Central Campus of Technology, Dharan, Nepal.
Akash AdhikariInstitute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Bhairahawa, Nepal.
Sujan AdhikariFaculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal.ORCID 0009-0006-6097-9486
Swagat KhanalFaculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal.ORCID 0009-0005-2568-5119
Chandan Sah KalwarSam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India.
Om Prakash PantaDepartment of Microbiology, Central Campus of Technology, Dharan, Nepal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) control in Nepal faces persistent challenges due to underdiagnosis and increasing drug resistance. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared with conventional smear microscopy and estimated the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) in Biratnagar, a high-burden urban center. Between March and September 2023, 509 clinical specimens from TB suspects were analyzed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, fluorescence microscopy (FM), and Xpert MTB/RIF. Using Xpert as the operational reference, ZN and FM exhibited overall sensitivities of 55.9% (89/159) and 68.5% (109/159), respectively. In paired sputum-only analyses (

Indexed as

Molecular Diagnostic TechniquesMycobacterium tuberculosisRifampinSputumTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantAdolescentAdultAntibiotics, AntitubercularAntitubercular AgentsBacilloscopyDrug Resistance, BacterialFemaleHumansMaleMicroscopyMiddle AgedAntibiotics, AntitubercularAntitubercular AgentsRifampindiagnosticsdrug resistanceNepaltuberculosisXpert MTB/RIF

Identifiers

PMID41811027
PMCPMC13055257

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.