ArticleMemorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz2026
LC3-associated phagocytosis in macrophage responses to Paracoccidioides spp.
Article in Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic infection that is endemic to Latin America, caused by thermodimorphic fungi from the Paracoccidioides genus. These fungi are facultative intracellular parasites of macrophages. LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a non-canonical form of autophagy, plays a critical role in the response of these phagocytes to similar pathogens.
objectivesIn this study, we investigated the role of LAP in the macrophage responses to Paracoccidioides spp.
methodsWe detected LAP in macrophages infected with Paracoccidioides spp by immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies to LC3. Piceatannol and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), respectively Syk and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) inhibitors, were used to understand the role their pathways played. To determine the function of LAP, we targeted ATG5, a key autophagy gene, by RNA interference.
findingsWe observed LC3 recruitment to phagosomes containing Paracoccidioides spp. in RAW264.7 and J774.16 cell lines and in bone marrow-derived macrophages. ATG5 RNA interference reduced the antifungal activity of J774.16 cells, highlighting the importance of LC3 recruitment for effective fungal control. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of Syk kinase and NADPH oxidase pathways, essential for LAP against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, did not impair LAP against P. brasiliensis. MAIN
conclusionsThis suggests distinct triggering mechanisms, possibly due to differences in the fungal cell surface composition. These findings suggest that LAP plays a significant role in the host defense against Paracoccidioides spp. and may represent a promising target for host-directed PCM therapies.
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