ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence reports2026
A short communication of pain outcomes following a pharmacist-delivered alcohol and opioid use reduction intervention.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Co-use of alcohol and opioid medications increases risk for sedation, respiratory depression, and overdose, yet remains common among patients prescribed opioids. The Alcohol Brief Intervention-Medication Therapy Management (ABI-MTM) intervention was developed for delivery by community pharmacists and demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary reductions in co-use. Given possible pain-related motives for co-use, this exploratory secondary analysis assessed whether ABI-MTM affected pain symptomatology. Methods: This study utilized data from a randomized trial of 44 community pharmacy patients from 25 pharmacies prescribed opioids and who reported alcohol co-use. Participants were randomized to ABI-MTM or standard medication counseling (SMC). Pain intensity/interference were assessed at baseline, 2-, and 3-months using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Cohen's d effect sizes, and mixed-effects models comparing pain across conditions and timepoints. Results: Pain scores did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). For pain intensity, ABI-MTM and SMC showed similar baseline means (4.31 vs. 5.05), decreased modestly at 2-months (2.80 vs. 3.74), and returned to baseline levels at 3-months (4.21 vs. 4.83). Pain interference followed a comparable pattern, with ABI-MTM and SMC starting similarly (4.83 vs. 5.07), decreasing modestly at 2-months (3.19 vs. 3.87), and returning near baseline at 3-months (4.92 vs. 4.42). Effect sizes between group differences were small (Cohen's d≤0.33). Mixed-model analyses showed no significant treatment effects on pain intensity/interference across time (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This underpowered study found no evidence of pain differences between ABI-MTM and SMC, tentatively suggesting possible alcohol-opioid co-use improvements associated with the intervention without worsening pain.
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