Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41810230›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026

Active learning through journal clubs in pharmacy education: assessment of student experiences, outcomes, and attitudes.

Malaz J Gazzaz, Saad M Wali

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Malaz J GazzazPharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Saad M WaliPharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Journal clubs are established pedagogical tools that enhance pharmacy students' critical appraisal and evidence-based practice skills. However, few studies have examined longitudinal changes following repeated exposure to such activities. This study assessed the outcomes, perceptions, and engagement of pharmacy students after two sequential journal club experiences within an Evidence-Based Medicine course. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among fifth-year undergraduate pharmacy students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The second journal club experience occurred 3 months after the first one and used the same validated survey to measure three domains: learning outcomes, perceptions and attitudes, and feedback and future improvements. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and chi-squared/Fisher's exact tests were used to compare scores between cycles, with significance set at Results: seventy seven students participated in each experience. Reliability improved across all domains (learning outcomes α = 0.666 → 0.774; perceptions α= 0.782 → 0.813; feedback α= 0.647 → 0.710). Significant gains were observed in critical thinking (77.9% vs. 58.4%, Conclusion: Repeated exposure to journal club activities enhanced students' analytical and critical thinking skills but reduced their satisfaction and enthusiasm for future participation. While the intervention strengthened cognitive learning domains, declining affective engagement suggests the need for curricular adjustments such as varied formats, reflective components, and diversified facilitation to sustain motivation and optimize educational impact in longitudinal learning designs.

Indexed as

active learningcritical thinkingEvidence-Based Medicinejournal clubpharmacy educationpharmacy studentsSaudi ArabiaStudent engagement

Identifiers

PMID41810230
PMCPMC12969608

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.