Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41810225›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026

Prevalence of hyperemesis gravidarum and its associated electrolyte and hematologic disturbances in pregnant women.

Heba Bassiony Ghanem, Shaher Mustafa Hammoudeh, Moaz Abulfaraj, Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini, Sanaa Elfatih Hussein, Jamila Ibrahim Algader, Raghad Mohammed Alanazi, Taif Yahya Alshammari, Amirah Enad Alruwaili, Najd Budayri Alruwaili and 5 more

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Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Heba Bassiony GhanemDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Shaher Mustafa HammoudehDepartment of Pediatric and Neonatology, El Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.
Moaz AbulfarajDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem ElsherbiniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Sanaa Elfatih HusseinDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Jamila Ibrahim AlgaderDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Raghad Mohammed AlanaziDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Taif Yahya AlshammariDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Amirah Enad AlruwailiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Najd Budayri AlruwailiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed El-SherbinyDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Baker A AlshaikhDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Maged ElshamyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfattah AbdelrahmanDepartment of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Nagwan Ahmed BahgatDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and objective: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition that develops early in pregnancy, before 16 weeks of gestation, and is characterized by severe nausea and/or vomiting, inability to tolerate food and/or beverages, and substantial impairment of daily activities. Hyperemesis gravidarum can have obvious maternal and fetal consequences. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HG, investigate its associated electrolyte and hematologic disturbances, and identify risk factors among pregnant women in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective observational case-control study was conducted using 200 medical records selected from a total of 9,090 records of pregnant women at the Maternity and Children Hospital in Aljouf, covering the period from November 2020 to November 2023. Results: The prevalence of hyperemesis gravidarum was 1.1% among the studied pregnant women. Patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum showed significantly lower body weight and BMI than controls. Nearly 48% of HG cases occurred in women aged 30-39 years, while 52% were in the first trimester. Furthermore, 36% of the affected women were primigravida, and 11% were pregnant with twins. Hypotension was observed in 35% of HG cases. Hyponatremia occurred in 29% of patients, hypokalemia in 21%, and hypochloremia in 24%. Hematological disturbances included increased Hb levels in 11% of cases, increased hematocrit in 12%, leukocytosis in 19%, and neutrophilia in 17% of the patients. Conclusion: Hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, and hematological disturbances are the primary consequences of HG. First-trimester pregnancy and low gestational age are the most important risk factors for HG. Strategies by healthcare centers and further research are needed to enhance the treatment, management, and prevention methods of HG.

Indexed as

Aljouf regionelectrolyte disturbancehematological disturbancehyperemesis gravidarumMaternity carepregnancy

Identifiers

PMID41810225
PMCPMC12968194

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