ArticleEcology and evolution2026
Expanding Knowledge of Sea Pen (Octocorallia: Pennatuloidea) Diversity and Distribution Through Integrative Taxonomy: Insights From Hong Kong's Coastal Waters.
Article in Ecology and evolution, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Sea pens (Octocorallia: Scleralcyonacea: Pennatuloidea) are widespread but remain under-documented in the Northwest Pacific. Using a combined molecular (MutS-ND2-28S rRNA) and morphological approach, we analysed sea pen samples collected from Hong Kong's urban waters. MutS sequences at a 0.3% divergence threshold and ASAP automatic delimitation resolved nine species across three families and four genera for Hong Kong specimens, consistent with phylogenies inferred from concatenated datasets (MutS-ND2-28S rRNA), which recovered nine species in three well-supported clades within Pennatuloidea. Morphological examinations (colony form, zooid arrangement, axis shape, sclerite shape and size) corroborated species boundaries. We described three new species (
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