Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41809989›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Xuwen Gao, Jiangfei Zhou, Kai Yan, Yueming Guan, Jiayi Xiang, Yimei Liu, Han Yu, Jing Wang, Yuan Li, Yigang Xu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xuwen Gao *College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Jiangfei Zhou *College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Kai Yan *College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Yueming Guan *College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Jiayi XiangCollege of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Yimei LiuCollege of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Han YuCollege of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Jing WangCollege of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Yuan LiCollege of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
Yigang XuCollege of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Probiotics such as Methods: The intestinal colonization ability of CIQ249 was assessed using cFDA-SE labeling and flow cytometry. Growth performance and intestinal morphology were evaluated in mice. Antimicrobial activity of CIQ249 cell-free supernatant was tested against various pathogens, and pathogen damage was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Protective effects against Results: CIQ249 demonstrated strong intestinal colonization and increased villus height and the villus-to-crypt ratio, contributing to improved growth performance. Its cell-free supernatant selectively inhibited enteropathogens and induced structural damage in Conclusion: CIQ249 enhances mucosal defense against enteropathogenic bacteria through a dual mechanism-strengthening the epithelial barrier and activating a coordinated DC-Tfh-IgA immune axis. These findings provide a multi-level mechanistic basis for its application as a microecological agent against intestinal infections.

Indexed as

Immunity, MucosalIntestinal MucosaLacticaseibacillus rhamnosusProbioticsAnimalsCytokinesDendritic CellsDisease Models, AnimalEpithelial CellsEscherichia coliFemaleIntestinal Barrier FunctionMiceSalmonella typhimuriumSwineCytokinesanti-bacterial infectionintestinal homeostasisintestine epithelial barrierLactobacillus rhamnosusmucosal immunity barrier

Identifiers

PMID41809989
PMCPMC12968290

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.