ArticleJournal of arrhythmia2026
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children: A 14-Year Population-Based Study.
Article in Journal of arrhythmia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Caution in Interpreting the Absence of Appropriate ICD Therapies in Pediatric Primary Prevention.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aims: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in children, particularly for primary prevention, remains under investigation, with limited data from less affluent European countries. With increasing use of fully subcutaneous (S-ICD) and extravascular (EV-ICD) systems, we analyzed epidemiology, indications, complications, and outcomes in pediatric ICD recipients at our tertiary center. Methods: This retrospective, population-based, nationwide, single-center study consecutively analyzed medical records from 2012 to 2025. Patients aged 0-18 years who underwent ICD implantation were included. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed for shock-free and mortality endpoints. Results: Forty-nine patients were included, corresponding to an estimated national incidence of approximately one ICD implantation per 22 000 live births. ICDs were predominantly implanted for secondary prevention (80%). Long QT syndrome (32%) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (22%) were the most frequent diagnoses. During 207 patient-years of follow-up (median follow-up 4 years), appropriate ICD shocks occurred in 27% of patients exclusively in the secondary prevention group. No appropriate therapies occurred in the primary prevention group despite higher overall mortality. Inappropriate shocks occurred in 22% of patients. Device-related major complications affected 17% of implanted systems. Median transvenous ICD battery longevity was 6.5 years. Overall mortality was 6%, all related to underlying structural heart disease, with no ICD-related deaths. S-ICDs demonstrated a favorable acute and mid-term safety profile in patients without pacing requirements. Conclusions: Pediatric ICD therapy is limited by substantial device-related morbidity and imperfect risk stratification for primary prevention. The emerging S-ICD and EV-ICD systems represent promising, less invasive alternatives for selected pediatric patients.
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