Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41809608›Full record

ArticleSultan Qaboos University medical journal2026

Applications of Chatbots in Improving Patient Care Outcomes:

Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda, Afsaneh Dehnad

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Mohammadhiwa AbdekhodaMedical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-1797-8916
Afsaneh DehnadEnglish Language Department, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-5731-8894

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review explored the application of chatbots in healthcare, focusing on patient monitoring, personalised care and medical services. It examined the potential of chatbots to improve patient outcomes through artificial intelligence-driven technologies, addressing challenges such as data security and system integration. This scoping review, conducted from January to March 2025, adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A thorough literature search was performed across Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, using keywords such as "patient care", "outcome", and "chatbot*". After screening for relevance and applying inclusion criteria, a total of 70 articles were analysed, focusing on chatbots' roles in improving patient care outcomes, data management and communication. Data charting was conducted by using a data extraction form to capture study characteristics, chatbot applications, outcomes and reported challenges. This study highlighted the surge in chatbot applications in healthcare from 2018 to 2024, focusing on 7 key themes: (1) increasing access to healthcare, (2) patient education and awareness (3) supporting clinical decision-making, (4) improving patient-healthcare professional communication, (5) chronic disease and symptom management, (6) telehealth and remote monitoring and (7) administrative support and workflow optimisation. Chatbots demonstrate significant potential to enhance patient care outcomes by improving access, communication, education and chronic disease management. Despite growing adoption of chatbots, challenges related to data security and system integration remain. Future research should focus on standardised evaluation frameworks and real-world clinical effectiveness.

Indexed as

Patient CareDigital HealthHumansTelemedicineClinical Decision-MakingGenerative Artificial IntelligenceHealthcareOutcome AssessmentPatient CarePatient Education

Identifiers

PMID41809608
PMCPMC12969406

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.