ArticleWorld journal of hepatology2026
Dynamic immune response and its influencing factors in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cohort study.
Article in World journal of hepatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDynamic alterations in lymphocyte subsets demonstrate significant correlations with clinical disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits distinct chronic inflammatory and immunometabolic disturbances that may substantially affect immune response patterns in COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, the characteristics of lymphocyte subset dynamics and their clinical implications in COVID-19-NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.
aimTo characterize the dynamic changes in lymphocyte subsets among COVID-19 patients with NAFLD, in order to delineate their immunological profiles and inform clinical management strategies.
methodsThe cohort study compared lymphocyte subpopulations in 858 COVID-19 patients and 670 COVID-19-NAFLD patients at admission, discharge, and 2-week/4-week post-discharge follow-ups.
resultsCompared to COVID-19 patients without NAFLD, NAFLD-comorbid patients demonstrated persistently elevated CD3+CD4+ counts as well as lymphocyte counts and percentages at admission and at the 2-week and 4-week follow-ups post-discharge (all
conclusionAge, liver fibrosis, comorbidities, obesity, liver enzyme abnormalities, vaccination status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c significantly modulate immune responses in COVID-19-NAFLD patients, warranting targeted clinical attention. Furthermore, patients with uncomplicated NAFLD (including lean NAFLD) also require particular clinical attention to mitigate risks of immune imbalance.
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