ArticleRSC advances2026
Solvent-mediated organocatalytic browning of biogenic indoles enables the formation of zwitterionic nanoparticles.
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Solvent-mediated browning has recently emerged as a distinctive mode of chemical transformation in solution-phase chemistry. In this study, we extend this concept to biogenic indoles and show that an organocatalytic browning process can be achieved in a mixed DMSO/acetone system under mild, catalyst-free conditions. Tryptamine, a decarboxylated metabolite of l-tryptophan, underwent spontaneous browning despite lacking the zwitterionic framework characteristic of amino acids. Notably, the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (I3AA) markedly intensified the reaction and accelerated mesityl oxide formation, indicating a cooperative catalytic effect on acetone self-condensation. Upon transfer of the browned reaction mixtures into water, the hydrophobic products became supersaturated and spontaneously assembled into uniform nanoparticles
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