ArticleFrontiers in rehabilitation sciences2026
Hemodynamic responses and functional aerobic capacity in adults: insights from NASA method estimated VO₂.
Article in Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as VO₂max, is a key indicator of cardiovascular and pulmonary health. Field-based tests such as the Sit-to-Stand (STS) and Two-Minute Step Test (2MST) provide accessible alternatives for evaluating functional capacity in rehabilitation settings. This study evaluated hemodynamic responses and estimated aerobic capacity from these functional tests and explored their associations using the NASA non-exercise VO₂max equation. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional correlational study (2023-2024) was conducted in healthy adults from Cali and Bogotá, Colombia, under STROBE guidelines. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), three Sit-to-Stand variants (5-repetition, 30-second, and 1-minute), and the 2MST. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and perceived exertion were recorded before and after each test, along with recovery at 1 and 2 minutes. The Hemodynamic Gain Index (HGI) was calculated, and VO₂max was estimated using the NASA formula. Results: A total of 260 adults participated. Hypertension (30.8%) and diabetes (23.8%) were the most frequent comorbidities. All tests increased heart rate and blood pressure significantly ( Conclusion: The 2MST elicited stronger hemodynamic responses, while STS variants were more closely associated with estimated VO₂max, supporting their combined use for efficient assessment of functional capacity, which is relevant for monitoring and guiding rehabilitation programs.
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