ArticleSystematic reviews2026
Vitamin D deficiency and risk of surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.
Article in Systematic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvidence from the literature suggests that vitamin D has indirect antimicrobial effects and may be associated with a reduced risk of infections. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of developing surgical site infections (SSIs).
methodsAll types of studies will be included in the systematic review. Up to December 2025, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO-ICTRP, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and relevant citations will be searched. The primary outcome will be the development of SSIs. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Meta-analysis will be performed using bias-adjusted inverse variance heterogeneity methods. The risk of bias will be assessed using the MASTER scale, and the certainty of evidence will be determined using the GRADE framework. DISCUSSION: Although many risk factors for SSIs have been identified, the role of vitamin D remains unclear. SSIs impose a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of vitamin D on SSI risk by including all relevant studies without language restrictions, using rigorous methodology in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. If an association is established, preoperative screening and optimization of vitamin D levels could help reduce the burden of SSIs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number 427175.
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