Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41808084›Full record

ReviewJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

The role of natural and engineered exosomes in repairing damage to the nervous system.

Tiangui Liu, Yang Fan, Qiong Zhang, Li Yang, Jing Jiang, Yuqing Zhang, Tao Xin, Lizeng Gao, Min Han

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tiangui Liu *Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China.
Yang Fan *Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China.
Qiong Zhang *Department of Geriatrics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, No. 24297 Jingshi Rd, District Huaiyin, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, P. R. China.
Li YangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China.
Jing JiangCAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Yuqing ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China.
Tao XinDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China. xintao@sdfmu.edu.cn.
Lizeng GaoCAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. gaolizeng@ibp.ac.cn.
Min HanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China. hanmin@sdfmu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82471344Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2024MH149Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province tsqnz20230633
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Following neurological injury, neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation mutually reinforce each other, further exacerbating neurological damage. Concurrently, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) impede drug penetration into the injured region, rendering neurological injury challenging to treat. Natural exosomes can penetrate biological barriers and deliver bioactive molecules to target sites, offering new possibilities for treatment. Engineered modifications further enhance the bioactivity and targeting capabilities of exosomes. Both natural and engineered exosomes, as a cell-free therapy, hold great promise for applications in the repair of neurological injuries. This review summarizes exosomes from different cellular sources and their engineering strategies, discusses the neuroinflammatory regulation and neuroprotective effects of natural and engineered exosomes, reviews the current status of exosome clinical research and key areas for clinical translation, with the aim of providing new insights for the clinical treatment and research of neural injury.

Indexed as

ExosomesNervous SystemAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBlood-Spinal Cord BarrierHumansNeuroprotective AgentsNeuroprotective AgentsClinical trialDamage repairEngineered exosomesExosomesNervous system

Identifiers

PMID41808084
PMCPMC13088519

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.