ArticleBMC medical genomics2026
Apolipoprotein D downregulation in OSCC: multi-database validation and clinical significance.
Article in BMC medical genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Correction: apolipoprotein D downregulation in OSCC: multi-database validation and clinical significance.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundApolipoprotein D (APOD), a member of the lipocalin superfamily, plays a pivotal role in apoptosis, cancer, immune responses, and neural injury repair. Its association with various cancer types has been well-documented, but its expression and clinical implications in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain underexplored. Our study aims to investigate the expression and clinical significance of APOD in OSCC.
methodsA comprehensive analysis of APOD mRNA and protein expression in OSCC was conducted using multi-omics data from TCGA, GEO, and CPTAC databases. The findings were validated through qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on OSCC tissue samples. Diagnostic and prognostic potential of APOD was assessed using summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounding factors and identify independent prognostic markers for survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the signaling pathways associated with APOD and their biological relevance. Ethical approval for research involving human subjects was obtained from an ethics committee.
resultsAnalysis of public databases revealed significant downregulation of both APOD mRNA and protein in OSCC tissues compared to normal mucosal controls. Results from clinical samples corroborated these findings. The sROC analysis indicated that APOD may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for OSCC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified pathological T stage as an independent prognostic factor, independent of clinical T stage and lymphovascular invasion, while APOD, although associated with prognosis, was not a robust predictor. GSEA highlighted a strong positive correlation between APOD expression and key components of Type I interferon signaling (JAK1, TYK2, STAT2), suggesting that APOD downregulation may contribute to OSCC progression by inhibiting the Type I interferon-JAK-STAT pathway.
conclusionAPOD expression is significantly reduced in OSCC, demonstrating potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Its downregulation may facilitate disease progression through disruption of the Type I interferon-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
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