Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41807962›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2026

Dispatch center performance and crisis resource management skills in mass casualty incidents: a prehospital simulation study preparing for 2026 Milan-Cortina Olympics.

Alba Ripoll-Gallardo, Giacomo Oldrini, Giovanni De Luca, Davide Arghetti, Armando Stellini, Alessandro Zambelan, Riccardo Fiameni, Giacomo Colzani, Paola Manzoni, Francesco Broccoli and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Alba Ripoll-Gallardo *Dipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SSD AAT Milano, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Giacomo Oldrini *Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy. g.oldrini1@campus.unimib.it.
Giovanni De LucaDipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SSD AAT Milano, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Davide ArghettiAgenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy.
Armando StelliniAgenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy.
Alessandro ZambelanAgenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy.
Riccardo FiameniDipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SSD AAT Milano, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Giacomo ColzaniDipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SSD AAT Milano, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Paola ManzoniDipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SSD AAT Milano, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Francesco BroccoliAgenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy.
Stefano LolliAgenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy.
Francesco ZumbaioAgenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy.
Andrea AgarossiDipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SSD AAT Milano, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Roberto FumagalliDipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Riccardo StucchiDipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, SSD AAT Milano, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn Lombardy (Italy), Emergency Medical Dispatch Centers (EMDCs) play a crucial role in Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs). These events put the staff under strain because, in addition to the usual burden of emergency calls, there is also the need to handle the inflow of information and coordinate the incident response. Crisis Resource Management (CRM) skills may strongly influence performance during complex situations. This study evaluates the performance of the Milan EMDC during a series of simulated MCIs and its correlation with staff CRM skills.

methodsTwelve high-fidelity simulations were conducted over 19 months. A set of published Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was measured as follows: 2 points (correct and timely action), 1 point (correct but delayed action), and 0 points (action not performed or incorrect). The score was then proportioned to the total obtainable and converted into a percentage for comparison. The Ottawa CRM Global Rating Scale (1- to 7-point scoring) was used by two independent raters to evaluate CRM skills.

resultsThe average KPI score across scenarios was 72.9% (45.8%-95.8%, SD 15.6). The Ottawa scale averaged 73.8% (41.7%-100%, SD 19.0), with an interrater agreement of 88.9% (κ = 0.66). A strong correlation between KPI and Ottawa CRM scores was found (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.78).

conclusionsOur findings showed a strong correlation between the performance of the Milan EMDC during simulated MCIs and staff CRM skills.

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceEmergency Medical DispatchEmergency Medical ServicesMass Casualty IncidentsSimulation TrainingHumansItalyCrisis resource managementEmergency medical dispatch centersKey performance indicatorsMass casualty incidentsOttawa global rating scaleSimulations

Identifiers

PMID41807962
PMCPMC13088419

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.